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Cross-Coupling Biarylation of Nitroaryl Chlorides Through High Speed Ball Milling

Authors

  • Solita Lam

    Albany State University, USA

    Author

  • Yvonne Puplampu Dove

    Albany State University, USA

    Author

  • Adrienne Morris

    Albany State University, USA

    Author

  • Ayunna Epps

    Albany State University, USA

    Author

  • Ghislain R Mandouma

    Albany State University, USA

    Author

DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol3.iss6.376
Keywords:
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Abstract

Solvent-free reaction using a high-speed ball milling technique has been applied to the classical Ullmann coupling reaction. Cross-coupling biarylation of several nitroaryl chlorides was achieved in good yields when performed in custom-made copper vials through continuous shaking without additional copper or solvent. Cross-coupling products were obtained almost pure and NMR-ready. These reactions were cleaner than solution phase coupling which require longer reaction time in high boiling solvents, and added catalysts as well as lengthy extraction and purification steps. Gram quantities of cross biaryl compounds have been synthesized with larger copper vials, a proof that this method can be used to reduce industrial waste and for sustainability.

Author Biographies
  1. Solita Lam, Albany State University, USA

    Department of Natural & Forensic Sciences

  2. Yvonne Puplampu Dove, Albany State University, USA

    Department of Natural & Forensic Sciences

  3. Adrienne Morris, Albany State University, USA

    Department of Natural & Forensic Sciences

  4. Ayunna Epps, Albany State University, USA

    Department of Natural & Forensic Sciences

  5. Ghislain R Mandouma, Albany State University, USA

    Department of Natural Sciences

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Published
2015-06-01
Issue
Vol. 3 No. 6 (2015): International Journal for Innovation Education and Research
Section
Journal Articles
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Copyright (c) 2015 Solita Lam, Yvonne Puplampu-Dove, Adrienne Morris, Ayunna Epps, and Ghislain Mandouma

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How to Cite

Lam, S., Dove, Y. P., Morris, A., Epps, A., & Mandouma, G. R. (2015). Cross-Coupling Biarylation of Nitroaryl Chlorides Through High Speed Ball Milling. International Journal for Innovation Education and Research, 3(6), 12-35. https://doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol3.iss6.376