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Synthesis of Substituted 2,2’-Dinitrobiphenyls by a Novel Solvent-Free High Yielding Ullmann Coupling Biarylation:

Authors

  • Ghislain R Mandouma

    Valdosta State University, USA

    Author

  • Ayunna Epps

    Albany State University, USA

    Author

  • John Barbas

    Albany State University, USA

    Author

DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol2.iss12.293
Abstract

Solvent-free reaction using a high-speed ball milling technique has been applied to the classical Ullmann coupling reaction for the first time. Biarylation of 2-iodonitrobenzene was achieved in quantitative yield when performed in a custom-made copper vial through continuous shaking without additional copper or solvent. The product was solid, NMR ready and required no lengthy extraction for purification. This reaction was cleaner, and faster than solution phase coupling which requires longer reaction time in high boiling solvents, added copper catalyst, and lengthy extraction and purification steps. Gram quantities of the biaryl compound were synthesized in larger copper vials. This is a general method that can be used to effectively reduce industrial waste en route to sustainability.

Author Biographies
  1. Ghislain R Mandouma, Valdosta State University, USA

    Department of Chemistry

  2. Ayunna Epps, Albany State University, USA

    Department of Natural Sciences

  3. John Barbas, Albany State University, USA

    Department of Natural Sciences

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Published
2014-12-01
Issue
Vol. 2 No. 12 (2014): International Journal for Innovation Education and Research
Section
Journal Articles
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Copyright (c) 2014 Ghislain R Mandouma, Ayunna Epps, John Barbas

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How to Cite

Mandouma, G. R., Epps, A., & Barbas, J. (2014). Synthesis of Substituted 2,2’-Dinitrobiphenyls by a Novel Solvent-Free High Yielding Ullmann Coupling Biarylation:. International Journal for Innovation Education and Research, 2(12), 133-149. https://doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol2.iss12.293